GFAP and Cognitive impairment: GFAP-IL6 mice exhibit fundamental components of progressive neurodegeneration including neuronal loss and atrophy, chronic activated microglia and astrocytes, increased expression of inflammatory mediators (Gyengesi et al., 2019), breached BBB, and age-dependent motor and cognitive impairment (Campbell et al., 1993; Gyengesi et al., 2019; Ullah et al., 2020a, b).