Furthermore, recombinant CCN3 or CCN3 overexpression could also ameliorate IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis response by reducing extracellular matrix catabolism and inducing cartilage protection in vitro via decreasing the level of HMGB1, reversing the increase of MMP, inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and promoting cell autophagy [57]. The gene discussed is CCN3; the disease is osteoarthritis.