Furthermore, Robinow syndrome has been linked to a mutation on the Dvl3 gene53 (3q27.1 omim.org/entry/601368) with various heart developmental defects (ventricular septal defect, patent foramen ovale, pulmonary atresia, hypoplastic right heart, and tricuspid regurgitation) (omim.org/entry/616894, revised by Gentzel et al.54). This evidence concerns the gene DVL3 and Patent foramen ovale.