Following inhibition of mTORC1 and 2 there was a decrease in protein synthesis rates in the tumour samples as measured using puromycin incorporation assays (Fig. 7b and Supplementary Fig. 12B), consistent with a change in the phosphorylation status of rpS6 (Fig. 7b and Supplementary Fig. 12A), and in parallel there was a decrease in expression of SDH and ATP5A (Fig. 7b and Supplementary Fig. 12C, D), and a concomitant decrease in tumour cell growth as shown by Ki67 staining (Fig. 7b and Supplementary Fig. 12E). Here, ATP5F1A is linked to neoplasm.