MIF and neoplasm: As shown in ibudilast treatment, our data also indicated that rSmeg-hMIF-hIL7 can decrease population of total MDSC, M-MDSC, and G-MDSC in tumor microenvironments of vaccinated mice (figure 4), possibly due to of its inhibition of MIF signaling, suggesting that it can contribute to recovery of T cell-mediated anticancer function in tumor microenvironments via MDSC suppression.