Therefore, in this study, to elicit an anti-MIF immune response as an anticancer vaccine, we developed a recombinant Smeg vaccine delivering a fusion protein of human MIF and IL-7 (rSmeg-hMIF-hIL-7), which can act as a target antigen and an adjuvant of cancer vaccine, respectively, via a novel Mycobacterium–Escherichia coli shuttle vector system, pMyong2, to guarantee stable and enhanced expression of delivered heterologous genes in recombinant Smeg or BCG.24 25 We also sought to explore the immunotherapeutic potential of rSmeg-hMIF-hIL-7 in a tumor-bearing mouse model system. The gene discussed is MIF; the disease is neoplasm.