DPP4 and diabetes mellitus: Increased soluble levels and activity of DPP4 have been associated with increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes, dyslipidemia and chronic low-grade inflammation in both experimental and clinical situtations [12].Apart from its role in glucose homeostasis, DPP4 participates in functions such as smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, and atherosclerosis regulation.