More globally and since STX4 is known to be involved in IgG exocytosis, insulin secretion and glucose uptake in the musculature and adipose tissue, a dysfunctional interaction between STX4 and STX18 might be a driver not only for hypogammaglobulinemia but also for diabetes mellitus type 1, muscular hypotonia, and reduced subcutaneous fat tissue, which are all found in NBAS-associated disease [36]. Here, STX18 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.