However, more standardised research with gold-standard testing (e.g. EHC, as opposed to assessments used in many of the studies included in this review; e.g. OGTT, ITT, IST and HOMA) would be helpful to further determine dose-response specifics (e.g. session frequency and duration, importance of energy use per se vs. intensity of effort and degree to which lower- and higher-intensity efforts elicit the PAE of exercise on insulin sensitivity via different mechanisms) for individuals with varying degrees of insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance or T2D. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.