More research involving measurement of the PAE of exercise on insulin sensitivity at multiple time points is required to clarify how long the effect lasts (and, by extension, how frequently bouts should be performed) in different types of participants (e.g. healthy, but at risk for a loss of insulin sensitivity with aging vs. at risk of developing or already possessing insulin resistance vs. already possessing T2D) with different nutritional intake pre- and immediately post-bout. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.