In the past decade, immunotherapies have transformed oncology research and clinical practice while revealing the importance of endogenous immune “checkpoints” such as PD-L1 and CTLA4 that prevent cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) from targeting a variety of hematological and solid malignancies (Couzin-Frankel, 2013). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.