Furthermore, the search for somatic mutations suggested evidence for diverse cancer genes being mutated in diverse tumor types: the papillary thyroid carcinoma of patient II harbored the BRAF V600E mutation, while the synchronous thyroid oncocytoma displayed a mutation in the mitochondrial DNA and a deletion encompassing the FLCN gene (25); in the breast carcinoma of patient IV, pAKT was shown to be overexpressed in spite of the absence of PTEN LOH and of common somatic mutations of the pathway (PI3KCA and AKT), possibly implying rarer mutations (24). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is cancer.