Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) secreted by ICAM-1/LFA-1 can not only kill tumor cells directly but also significantly upregulate the expression of ICAM-1 on the surface of tumor cells, to promote the recognition of immune cells to tumor cells and further expand its killing effect (Nakayama et al., 2011). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.