SPDL1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Serum sPD-L1 shed from the surface of several immune lineages, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, and MDSCs, has been shown to be a predictive and prognostic biomarker in various human cancers including MM, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NSCLC, and hepatocellular carcinoma31,32.