Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of MDM2-SNP309 in 200 human RCC samples versus samples from 200 age/gender-matched healthy subjects (followed by direct DNA sequencing confirmation) indicated that a significant increase in the GG genotype of the MDM2-SNP309 was observed in RCC patients compared with healthy controls [116]. Here, MDM2 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.