CALR and neoplasm: Engineered nanoparticles with various therapeutic effects have been recognized as an attractive solution in promoting antitumor immune response by inducing the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells, which involves the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), and calreticulin (CRT) [20].