NPPB and Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Patients with paroxysmal AF had lower BNP levels than in patients with persistent AF (77.0 [50.0, 131.0] vs. 160 [86.8, 243.3] pg/ml, P = 0.005), while the median ELABELA levels in the paroxysmal AF group were significantly higher than those in the persistent AF group (2.2 [1.8, 3.0] vs. 1.8 [1.4, 2.5] ng/ml, P = 0.012) (Fig. 1b).