ACE and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: There are a known number of cost-saving interventions for diabetes, including pharmacotherapy(e.g. the use of ACE inhibitors for hypertension, angiotensin receptor blockers or early irbersartan treatment for the prevention of end-stage renal disease), and multi-component treatments for diabetic risk factor control and early detection of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes [32].