Serine and glycine (which can be formed out of serine) are important amino acids with a role in cancer cell metabolism by acting as precursors for synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids which are important for cancer cell growth.[73] With increasing ATNC exposure, the expression of PSPH also increased, potentially stimulating serine formation, thereby contributing to synthesis of building blocks for increasing cell growth. This evidence concerns the gene PSPH and cancer.