More recently, high levels of IL-12 have been found in the sera of cardiopathic CD patients (Poveda et al., 2014), and it is known to enhance T. cruzi antigen-specific stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, helping to establish a more oriented and specific immune response, also stimulating IFN-γ and IL-2 production (de Barros-Mazon et al., 1997; Meyer Zum Büschenfelde et al., 1997). This evidence concerns the gene IL2 and Cowden disease.