In T. cruzi infection, treatment of IL-10–deficient mice with anti–IL-12 monoclonal antibody increased parasitemia, showing that IL-12, together with IFN-γ and TNF produced by innate immune cells, plays a pivotal role in controlling the parasitemia in early stages of infection (Abrahamsohn and Coffman, 1996). Here, TNF is linked to parasitic infectious disease.