Several mechanisms may contribute to the down-regulation of PI3K signalling in type-2 diabetes including the up-regulation of TBR3, a CDC25 binding protein homolog, which directly inhibits Akt activity9, and induction of the PI3K antagonist PTEN (phosphatase and tensin and homologue deleted on chromosome 10)10. Here, AKT1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.