SMAD4 and lung cancer: To determine the impact of Smad4-depleted H1299 cells on the dynamic changes in lamellipodia and filopodia, stable knockdown of Smad4 by a specific shRNA (shSmad4) in the human lung cancer cell line H1299 (H1299-shSmad4, Supplementary Fig. 2c), which has an activated RAS and p53 LOF mutations, stimulated by serum were evaluated by cell spreading and morphological changes (Supplementary Fig. 2d).