FACS analyses of immune cell profiles (Supplementary Fig. 4) revealed an increase in the percentage of infiltrating tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and in their expression of PD-L1, as well as in the fraction of CD4+Foxp3+CD25+ Treg cells in subcutaneous mouse LLC tumours with USP12 silencing, whereas trends towards increased the frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and decreased proportion of T cells in these tumours were also observed, although the differences did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 5a, b and Supplementary Fig. 5). Here, FOXP3 is linked to neoplasm.