Accordingly, in mouse KrasG12D-driven lung tumours, decreased TAM numbers and less vascularization was markedly observed in USP12;Cre tumours compared with control tumours (Supplementary Fig. 6a, b), whereas even though no significant change was observed in the proportion of infiltrating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, T cell activation appeared to be strengthened by USP12 expression, as evidenced by CD44, PD-1, CD69, IFN-γ and TNF-α staining (Supplementary Fig. 6c, d). Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.