TXNRD1 and carcinoma: Auranofin, for example, a gold (I)-containing phosphine compound, which is considered to cause TrxR inhibition, both the cytosolic form TrxR1 and the mitochondrial form TrxR2 [35], as well as proteasome DUB inhibition [24, 36], displays promising anticancer properties in a range of carcinomas.