The expression levels of PDX1 and FOXO1 were increased in islets, while those of NGN3 and OCT4 were decreased in T2DM rats after bmMDEmiR-NC KD treatments compared with those in the T2DM + PBS group and T2DM + bmMDEsmiR-146a KD group (Fig. 6g; Fig. S6d). The gene discussed is POU5F1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.