Several chemokines were induced quickly in the early phase (day 2 p.i.)and maintained at a rather high level through the first week of infection, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CXCL10, IL-6, IFN-γ, CCL11, CCL5, TNF-α, CXCL1, IL-4, IL-12p70. Here, TNF is linked to infection.