INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Studies investigating the use of fully closed-loop systemsin T1D have shown this to be a safe and effective approach to achieving targetglucose outside post-prandial periods, however mitigation of post-prandialhyperglycemia remains a challenge.45, -47 Further studies areongoing (NCT04877730, NCT04545567) to investigate fully closed-loop, and withthe advent of faster acting insulins and dual-hormone systems, fully closed-looptherapy for T1D may become a reality in the near future.