DPP4 and cancer: For example, Notch receptor can act both as oncogene or tumor suppressor in different cancer types.[50] TGF‐β functions as tumor suppressor in early‐stage CRC but promotes metastasis and immune evasion in late stage and metastases.[51, 52] Similarly, DPP4 seems to play dual roles in different cancer types and highlights the opposing forces between cancer cell intrinsic mechanisms and the microenvironment.