For instance, DPP4 expression has been associated with poor CRC prognosis,[46] and a recent epidemiology study revealed that diabetic patients with CRC who were treated with DPP4 inhibitors had a statistically significant survival advantage.[47] The HGF/PU.1/DPP4 axis is unlikely the only major chromatin remodeling axis in CRC liver metastasis, as PU.1 have other downstream targets while the DPP4 enhancers have other upstream regulators. This evidence concerns the gene SPI1 and colorectal carcinoma.