NPC1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Importantly, recent studies involving NPC patient-derived fibroblasts, human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neurons with NPC1 knockdown, and Npc1−/− mouse models have revealed that autophagic dysfunction is part of NPC pathogenesis, i.e., accumulation of autophagosomes, characteristic autophagic multivesicular structures, and lysosomes has been observed in the brain of Npc1−/− mice, neural stem/progenitor cells differentiated from NPC patient-derived iPSCs, and NPC patient-derived fibroblasts [[25], [26], [27], [28]].