MCU and hepatocellular carcinoma: JNK activation upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 and promigratory cell changes, including lamellipodia formation.29 MCUR1 upregulation promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in HCC cells through activation of Snail via a mtROS/Nrf2/Notch1-mediated pathway.118 Increased MCU or MCUR1 expression in mouse models displayed higher intrahepatic and distal metastasis.29,118