To identify the role of cancer cells in TGFβ1 expression by hepatocytes, we examined the expression of TGFβ1 in IHH hepatocytes in the presence or absence of cancer cells (HCT116, HT29, LS174, LS180, SW620, and COLO320dm) using insert co-culturing approach (Fig. 3a). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.