We first reanalyzed a gene expression array comparing stem-like GBM cells in the absence or presence of FCS12 and found an increase in the mRNA levels of at least eight genes known to be Stat3 targets13 including CCND1, SOCS3, CCL2, ADM, THBS1, UGCG, IL1R1 and FOSL1 (Fig. 1a). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and glioblastoma.