Selection strategies of optimal biomarkers remain controversial due to complicated clinical applications.9 10 For example, though PD-L1 expression level indicated therapeutic benefit, patients with PD-L1 <1% also responded to ICBs.1 In current study, the TMEscore substantially outperformed the counterparts including PD-L1 abundance, TMB, and MSI-H in discriminating response to ICBs.9 10 Merits of TMEscore is mainly attributed to the accurate identification of immune microenvironment activation, especially high CD8+ T cell infiltration tumors, immune exclusion and EBV infection status. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and Epstein-Barr virus infection.