In a subset of patients with COPD from Table 1 (n = 3405), HHIP risk allele rs1032296 (T) was associated with increased exacerbations in the year prior to enrollment (incidence rate ratio 1.08, P = 0.046) in multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, sex, baseline St. This evidence concerns the gene HHIP and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.