The absence of VDR in Paneth cells impairs antimicrobial function, affects microbial assemblage, and increases susceptibility to colitis and infection.37,71 The altered virome in VDRΔPC mice further indicated the important role of VDR and Paneth cells in shaping the intestinal microbiome and secreting antimicrobial peptides or metabolites. The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is infection.