Borutinskaite et al. (2016) examined the effects of procaine as DNMT inhibitor on growth inhibition, apoptosis, and differentiation of human leukemia cells and showed an increase in the expression of molecules associated with differentiation, such as integrin CD11b, E-cadherin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and apoptosis-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is leukemia.