Moreover, we evaluated the effect of GATA4-driven miR-206-3p signature to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in osteoblastic differentiation, and focused on the potential therapeutic effects of OMSC-derived exosomes on osteoclast activity in vitro and conditional knockout of GATA4 in NCCs-induced osteoporosis mouse model in vivo. The gene discussed is GATA4; the disease is osteoporosis.