A number of models have been developed to define this risk and are typically based on a combination of non-modifiable host risk factors (age, male gender), co-morbidities (diabetes), biochemical parameters (albumin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, platelet count), viral markers (HBV DNA level, basal core promoter mutations) and the degree of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Here, ALB is linked to diabetes mellitus.