IFN is able to act in both an autocrine and paracrine manner to activate the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of the transcription signaling pathway, resulting in the subsequent downstream expression of hundreds of antiviral host effector proteins, called IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which control viral infection in the infected cell and help neighboring cells resist infection [37]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and viral infectious disease.