Many cellular alterations present in the myocardium of patients suffering from diabetic cardiomyopathy, including cardiac-cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, SR damage, proinflammatory cytokine production, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial remodeling, and cardiac fibrosis are related to the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway both in vitro and in vivo: in fact, transcription factor NF-κB controls most of the molecular processes within cardiomyocytes, and its dysregulation is involved in many cardiovascular diseases [169]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.