MAPK14 and breast cancer: Similarly, AA showed no cytotoxicity against breast cancers MDA-MB-453 [18], but its treatment resulted in a marked reduction in cellular growth rate, with an average half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 8.112 μm in MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and autophagy-dependent apoptosis via p38 activation and oxidative DNA damage induction [19].