Consistent with this, carotenoid supplementation was shown to mitigate T1DM-induced increase in retinal pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nuclear transcriptional factor-B (NF-kB), interleukin-1β and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [103,104,105,137,139,140,141,142,143,144,145]. Here, ICAM1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.