Moreover, with regard to atrogin-1 and MURF-1 expression, we found that atrogin-1 expression was increased upon cytokine exposure, but this change did not reach the level of statistical significance (cytokine main effect; p = 0.08), and the expression was increased slightly upon HICA pretreatment (relative expression of the cachexia-vehicle and cachexia-HICA groups; 1.6 ± 0.4 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2, cytokine x HICA interaction; p = 0.08), although, in neither case did the HICA effect on the protein expression reach significance. Here, FBXO32 is linked to Cachexia.