TMPRSS11A and Insulin resistance: Induction of the ARE-linked gene, G6PD, by tRES-HESP increases the flux through the pentosephosphate pathway and may thereby increase formation of pentose precursors of pentosidine; this also decreases glucose-6-phosphate-dependent carbohydrate response element/Mondo A (MLXIP) transcriptional response [9], which may contribute to reversal of insulin resistance [38].