Of the 31 cytokines analyzed, TNF-α (P = 0.0011), IL-6 (P = 0.0045), CCL3 (P = 0.0004), and CXCL9 (P = 0.0011) were significantly increased in the E4-DCM group compared to the E3-DCM group at 24 hours postdecompression (1-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons; Figure 8, A–D). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.