INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 29 million Americans and is a leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, amputations, and cardiovascular disease.(1, 2) T2DM increases fracture risk,(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) which further contributes to morbidity, mortality, and costs.(11, 12, 13, 14) Multiple factors contribute to the increased susceptibility to bone fractures in patients with T2DM, including abnormal bone mineral metabolism, poor bone quality due to poorly managed glucose and insulin levels, increased risk of falls, and adverse side effects of various drugs.(15)