Caspase-3 is a critical protease in caspase-dependent apoptosis.28,29 Pegylated G-CSF (Neulasta®) was approved by FDA in 2016 for hematopoietic syndrome of ARS.30 Pegylated G-CSF, which has been shown to significantly increase survival, modified hematological profiles after irradiation in our experimental animal model.31,32 Whether RI and CI would result in different severities of brain hemorrhage remained unclear. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome.