CXCL12 and glioblastoma: Deng et al. (2017) demonstrated that SDF-1 blockade with olaptesed pegol (OLA-PEG, NOX-A12) impeded TAMs recruitment by VEGF blockage in GBM. POL5551, a potent CXCR4 antagonists, could decrease the populations of tumor-initiating GSCs and GAMs, as well as lessen hypoxia-induced uncontrolled multiplication and invasion of glioma (Gagner et al., 2017). Guo et al. (2016) discovered that the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) inhibitor, acriflavine (ACF), blocked the over-expression of hypoxia-inducible POSTN by virtue of TGF-α through RTK/PI3K pathway.