NEDD9 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In addition, NEDD9 is one of four members of a family of protein scaffolds that is crucial for HCC metastasis; it has been confirmed that NEDD9 downregulates Smad7 to activate Smad signaling and bind the FAK-Src-Crk complex to promote EMT and LCSC stemness (Wang et al., 2017).