Animal studies on TNFRSF18 have shown that this checkpoint is related with the development of bladder carcinoma, breast cancer, SCLC, and melanoma; the knockout of TNFRSF18 leads to the accumulation of tumor cells, and the high expression of BRCA/HNSC is a favorable prognostic indicator. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF18 and small cell lung carcinoma.