To date, a large number of studies have been conducted on CCA, and the mechanism of its development has been explored and understood, while various related targets have been discovered, for example, proto-oncogene c-Myc, fibroblast growth factor receptor, KRAS gene, Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, ubiquitin proteasome pathway, Notch signaling pathway, cyclin-dependent kinase family, and vascular endothelial growth factor (24, 39). Here, VEGFA is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.