NFE2L2 and COVID-19: It has shown that robust interferon and Nrf2 systems play a significant role in protection against SARS-CoV-2; that is, the Nrf2 system was downregulated in COVID-19 patients and Nrf2 agonists (such as dimethyl fumarate) have potent interferon-independent inhibitory effects on both virus replication and hyperinflammation [147].